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Automatic detection of ischemia in ECG
Noremberczyk, Adam ; Potočňák, Tomáš (referee) ; Ronzhina, Marina (advisor)
This thesis discusses the utilization of the artificial neural networks (ANN) for detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in frequency area. The first part of this thesis is orientated towards the theoretical knowledge. Describes the issue of ECG pathological changes. ECQ are converted to frequency area. Described statistical methods and methods for automatic detection of CAD and MI. Explained the issue of the perceptron and ANN. The second deals with use of Neural Network Toolbox MATLAB®. This part focuses on counting and finding suitable parameters and making connection of band. At the end of the thesis UNS is used to detect ischemic parameters and the results are discussed. Average values for the best settings are 100% accuracy.
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Development of Material Based on Hyaluronic Acid s Hydrogels for Myocardial Regeneration
Kovářová, Lenka ; Kubala,, Lukáš (referee) ; Prokš,, Vladimír (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
The thesis is focused on material development based on hyaluronic acid usable in regenerative medicine, especially for heart tissue regeneration after myocardial infarction. The object of the study is the oxidized form of hyaluronic acid (HA-Ox) and hydroxyphenyl derivative of HA (HA-TA). HA-Ox can be crosslinked with a bifunctional alkoxyamine POA and HA-TA undergoes an enzymatic reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide catalysed by horseradish peroxidase leading to gel formation. To describe the materials, chemical and physical properties, gelation kinetics and conditions of crosslinking reactions were studied. Hydrogels were characterized by mechanical and viscoelastic properties, degradability or stability in simulated body fluids. These hydrogels serve as scaffolds for the selected cell type. To promote cell adhesion and viability, an RGD sequence has been bonded to the structure of HA-TA. This resulting material is also compatible with selected applicators. Its viscosity and extrusion force are low enough to allow application with a catheter with a very small internal diameter. The applicability of the material through the supply tube to the hydrogel reservoir of the second SPREADS device showed good homogeneity, cell distribution and viability. Finally, the material was applied in vivo using these devices during a preclinical study.
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Application of flow cytometry for multiplex analyses in clinical biochemistry
Babušíková, Lucie ; Tremlová,, Bohuslava (referee) ; Beňovská,, Miroslava (advisor)
This thesis discusses the technique of flow cytometry for multiplex analysis and its use in conjunction with imunochemical methods. As part of this work was carried out clinical studies dealing with secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis in 186 pacientů. In this time represents myocardial infarction worldwide civilizational problem. A number of possible parameters for monitoring atherosclerosis in the world is still an unresolved issue. In the practical part of this work we performed an analysis using Luminex xMAP technology for new parameters (adiponectin, resistin, osteopontin) to predict atherosclerotic disease associated with myocardial infarcion. Also we wanted to see how these parameters are changed in patients after increasing the dose of therapeutic drugs.
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Automatic detection of myocardial infarction in ECG
Nejedlý, Lukáš ; Kozumplík, Jiří (referee) ; Smíšek, Radovan (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the automatic detection of myocardial infarction in ECG. Semester work consists of two parts. The theoretical part provides a description of the electrical conduction system of the heart, spreading of electrical activity through the heart muscle, the methods of ECG scanning and the ECG curve. There are also mentioned the causes of myocardial ischemia and various methods of its detection. Another part is devoted to high-frequency ECG, analysis of HFQRS and clinical studies which describe the use of high-frequency ECG in diagnosis of myocardial infarction. In the practical part is proposed an algorithm using low-frequency components ECG and an algorithm using high-frequency components ECG for automatic detection of myocardial infarction. The proposed algorithms are implemented in programming environment MATLAB and tested on signals from the PTB database. The final part of the master‘s thesis is devoted to the comparison of the success of myocardial infarction by means of low frequency and high frequency components of ECG and comparison of achieved results with results from clinical studies.
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Automatic detection of ischemia in ECG using artificial neural network
Noremberczyk, Adam ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Ronzhina, Marina (advisor)
This thesis discusses the utilization of the artificial neural networks (ANN) as electrocardiography (ECG) classifiers of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) in ECG signal. The first part of this thesis is orientated towards the theoretical knowledge and describes the issue of ECG pathological changes, methods for automatic detection of CAD and MI and the issue of the perceptron and ANN. The second deals with use of Neural Network Toolbox MATLAB® version R2010a. In graphical user interface development environment (Guide) is created application that is used to compare the success of automatic detection of ischemia in ECG using ANN. It allows the user to set various parameter settings UNS and display ECG waveforms.
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Regime measures and cardiologic patient
BOROVKOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deals with problems of regime measures accompanying a cardiac patient. Since the term cardiac patient can vary widely, we determined solely one cardiac disease and it is a myocardial infarction. The theoretical part deals with the characterization of disease myocardial infarction, the term prevention and more specific secondary prevention and individual regime measures for patients after myocardial infarction. Furthermore, in this part, there is mentioned the role of a nurse who takes care of a patient, and ultimately problems accompanying recommended regime measures and their compliance. The practical part included determination of two aims. The first was to find out what regime measures are recommended within the secondary prevention to cardiac patients. The second had the task of mapping the nurse's role in an educational process of regime measures. A qualitative research survey applied by non-standard semi-structured interviews, was used for the work. The interviews were held with 10 nurses at the field of cardiology and 6 patients after myocardial infarction event with a gap of one month. The main topic was recommended regime measures and educational process, that generates information transmission. The research survey showed satisfactory knowledge of nurses and the fact that the cardiological nurses are well informed about the matters. The nurses know their role very well and they are aware of what this role involves. The research also revealed a negative section of educational information. The little time security for quality educational process was an unfavourable part. The benefit of this bachelor thesis should be to ease the nursing care and to help the cardiological nurses. We wanted them to have the material at their shoulders, where everything related to the problems of recommended regime measures for patients with myocardial infarction will be summarized.
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The role of C-reactive protein in cardiac ischemic tolerance
Perglerová, Aneta ; Neckář, Jan (advisor) ; Vebr, Pavel (referee)
Ischemic heart disease (CHD) is a set of pathophysiological states, disorders of blood flow and oxygen supply of the myocardium due to vascular constriction or thrombus blockage. Inflammation plays an important role in CHD. The inflammatory response is associated with the synthesis of acute phase proteins in the liver such as C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP plays an important role in acute forms of CHD such as myocardial infarction (MI). The development of CHD may be supported by the occurrence of some of the risk factors (eg. atherosclerosis, hypertension, plasma CRP). Increased CRP levels may support the initiation of atherosclerotic plaque formation as well as in the case of hypertension the presence of CRP increases the risk of developing CHD. The healing proces after acute MI is accompanied by an inflammatory phase where CRP occurs naturally and CRP is important to accelerate inflammation. There may be a situation which inflammation goes into a chronic phase because it is not terminated in time, with constant CRP synthesis. High levels of CRP may decrease the prognosis after MI. The elevated plasma CRP has a negative effect on the expansion of MI and the associated ventricular dilatation, which may result in a rupture of the cardiac wall. Hypertrophy is the compensatory mechanism of the...
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The needs of the ICU patient after myocardial infarction requiring V-A ECMO support
Procházková, Tereza ; Konopásková, Marie (advisor) ; Pražáková, Zuzana (referee)
Introduction: The coronary heart disease is still an actual topic. The mortality has been in recent years declining, but prevalence in the population stagnates, so involve a large group of patients. The incidence of acute myocardial infarction is still high. One of the methods of reperfusion therapy is the cardiac surgery by coronary artery bypass graft, which may be postoperatively complicated by the development of low cardiac output syndrome with the need of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These patients require very specialized not only during the critical phase, but also during the long-term convalescence including rehabilitation, weaning from the artificial lung ventilation, self-sufficiency training and help with return to normal life. Literature search: The theoretical part is based on the research of National Medical Library (NLK) and Study and Scientific Library of the Pilsen Region (SVKPL). The PubMed, Scopus, Web of science and Science direct databases were used to search articles in professional publications, including the latest cohort studies. The periodicals Cor et Vasa, the European Heart Journal, Critical Care and the European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing were used. An important source of information is the guidelines of the Czech Society of Cardiology (ČKS), European...
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Cardiac ischemic tolerance of hypertensive rats
Jelínek, Jan ; Neckář, Jan (advisor) ; Sotáková, Dita (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize current knowledge about the influence of the ischemic- reperfusion injury at the myocard of hypertensive subjects. First part of this thesis is focused on the description of ischemia, reperfusion and changes in the myocardial metabolism during these processes. These changes in the myocardial metabolism are for example necrosis or apoptosis of the myocardial cells. The second part describes the currently known cardioprotective phenomena. This part also compares their effects. The signalization of preconditioning, the second window of preconditioning and the postconditioning are described here in more details. Third part is focused on the description of the risk factors connected to the ICHS and hypertension. It describes also classes of hypertension, clinical and experimental methods of hypertension treatment, description of the laboratory breeds of hypertensive rats. In the last part of this thesis I describe the influence of hypertension on the I-R injury in current laboratory studies. In the most studies spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used. As a normotensive controls Wistar-Kyoto rats were mostly used. For some other experiments transgenic genetic rats (TGR) were used. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The needs of the ICU patient after myocardial infarction requiring V-A ECMO support
Procházková, Tereza ; Konopásková, Marie (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
The incidence of acute myocardial infarction is still high. One of the methods of reperfusion therapy is the cardiac surgery by coronary artery bypass graft, which may be postoperatively complicated by the development of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock with the urgency of the venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO). The quality of very specialized and complex care for these long-term hospitalized patients depends on understanding their needs and ways of saturation. The aim of this study is to present these needs from the perspective of the patient and their family. Research questions ain to identify the main aspect of recovery, the factors negatively affecting the mental state of patients, the ways to help them by healthcare professionals and family, how can healthcare professionals help the family and how this experience has affected both the family and the patient. The research is carried out using a qualitative method of semistructured interview with six respondents with this type of anamnesis, who were hospitalized between 2015 and 2021 in the ICU of cardiac surgery department, and three of their relatives. According to the study's findings the main aspect of recovery is the patient's mental well-being. The dependence on help of others, muscle weakness and loss of intimacy...
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